NIST PQC Standards
NIST selected four post-quantum algorithms after an eight-year evaluation process. CRYSTALS-Kyber (now ML-KEM) for key encapsulation and CRYSTALS-Dilithium (now ML-DSA) for digital signatures are the primary standards. SPHINCS+ provides hash-based signature backup, and FALCON offers compact signatures. These algorithms are based on lattice problems and hash functions that resist known quantum attacks.